From the brief: "Under remote learning, districts are of course unable to count students physically present in a classroom; thus, districts have been left to find other ways of defining and measuring the attendance and participation of remote students. Most often, districts have defined attendance as “a once-per-day check-in,” with the check-in taking various forms including sign-ins to learning management systems, homework submission, or forms submitted by parents (Schwartz et al., 2021, p. 6). This brief builds upon previous reports on student attendance and enrollment loss by exploring how attendance rates and enrollment loss, as reported by district leaders, differed between grade bands and by mode of instruction in 2020–21. We also present differences by district locale, size, poverty level, racial composition, concentration of English learners, and historic achievement."