From the brief: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a seismic and ongoing disruption to K–12 schooling. Using test scores from 5.4 million U.S. students in Grades 3–8, we tracked changes in math and reading achievement across the first 2 years of the pandemic. Achievement disparities by student race/ethnicity also widened substantively. Observed declines are more substantial than during other recent school disruptions, such as those due to natural disasters. This brief uses new achievement data from the fall of 2021 (as well as fall data from the 2 prior years) to examine how student reading and math achievement at the beginning of the school year has changed across the course of the COVID-19 pandemic thus far.